Software Engineering & Agile
Software development methodologies: Waterfall (linear; SDLC phases; suitable for well-defined requirements); Agile Manifesto (2001) — individuals over processes; working software over documentation; customer collaboration; responding to change. Scrum: sprint cycles (2 weeks); product backlog; daily standup; sprint review/retrospective; roles (Product Owner, Scrum Master, Development Team). Kanban: WIP limits; flow optimisation; visualisation. SAFe (Scaled Agile Framework) for enterprise. DevOps: culture + practices + tools; CI/CD pipelines (Jenkins, GitHub Actions, GitLab CI); infrastructure as code (Terraform, Ansible); DORA metrics (deployment frequency, lead time, MTTR, change failure rate).